Ukwelashwa ngelaser kudala kwavela njengobuchwepheshe obuguqula izimboni zokukhiqiza nokwakha. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ethuthukisiwe isebenzisa imisebe ye-laser egxilile ukuhlanganisa izinto ngokunemba, ngokushesha, nangokunciphisa ukushisa okuncane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa ngelaser kuye kwanda kakhulu ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuletha ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokwelashwa, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokukhiqiza, nokuvumela ukuzenzakalela. Izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngelaser zifinyelela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ezokundiza, ezikagesi, nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-laser nezindlela zokulawula, ukwelashwa ngelaser kumele kube yintuthuko enkulu ezindleleni zokukhiqiza zesimanje, okunikeza amabhizinisi ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe nokungaguquguquki komkhiqizo.

Elinye inzuzo ebalulekile yokuhlanganisa ngelaser ukuhambisana kwayo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto, okuhlanganisa amametha, ukuhlanganiswa kwamametha angafani, ngisho namaplastiki ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubaza nokuhlanganisa ngelaser. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa okuhlanganisiwe ngelaser kuhlanganisa imisebe ye-laser nokuhlanganisa okujwayelekile kwe-arc ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo zazo zombili izindlela, kuthuthukisa amandla okuhlanganisa nokusebenza kahle. Lezi zinguquko zobuchwepheshe zigcizelela ukuguquguquka kokuhlanganisa ngelaser kanye namandla ayo okubhekana nezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhiqiza.

Laser welding is a fusion welding process that uses a focused laser beam to melt and join materials. The laser's energy is concentrated into a small spot, producing intense heat that rapidly melts the workpieces. Upon cooling, a strong metallurgical bond forms. There are two primary modes of laser welding: conduction welding and keyhole welding.

Ukwelashwa ngokudlulisa kwenzeka lapho amandla e-laser efudumeza ubuso bezinto, kubangele ukuba incibilike, kodwa kungadali umgodi owenziwe umusi. Le ndlela ilungele izinto ezincane futhi yenza imishayo emincane enokungena okuncane. Ngokuphambene, ukwelashwa nge-keyhole kuhlanganisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu ashisa insimbi, adale umgodi ongajulile, omkhulu obizwa nge-keyhole. Imishayo ye-keyhole ihlinzeka ngokungena okujulile kakhulu futhi ilungele izinto ezijiyile.

Ukwelashwa nge-laser kuhlomula kakhulu ekwelashweni kwezinsimbi ezingafani, njengoba ukufudumala okugxilisiwe nokulawulwa kunciphisa ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic ezinganciphisa izibopho. Izindlela zendandatho ezilungisekayo ezinhlelweni ze-laser zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bashintshe isimo se-beam nokugxila, balungise ikhwalithi yomshayo yezinto ezahlukene nobukhulu. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa nge-laser ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zezimboni.

Ukwakhiwa kokushisela nge-laser kubuyela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngezimpawu ezibalulekile ezakha ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukutholwa kwe-laser ngo-1960 kwaba isikhathi esibalulekile, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya okuhlangene, okunamandla okukodwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, abacwaningi baqala ukuzama nge-laser ekucubunguleni izinto, okuhlanganisa nokushisela.

Ngeminyaka yama-1970, kwavela izinhlelo zokuqala zokuhlanganisa izinsimbi nge-laser ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezisebenzisa ama-laser e-CO2 ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Iminyaka yama-1980 nama-1990 yabona ukuthuthukiswa kuma-laser e-fiber nama-laser e-Nd:YAG, anikeza ikhwalithi engcono ye-beam nokuguquguquka. Lezi zithuthukisi zabangela ukwamukelwa okubanzi embonini, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa izinsimbi ngokunemba emikhakheni yezinto zikagesi nezimoto.

Ngeminyaka yama-2000 kuya kwengama-2010, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinsimbi nge-laser buhlanganise ukuzenzakalela kanye ne-robotics, kwandisa isivinini sokukhiqiza nokungaguquguquki. Ukwethulwa kokuhlanganisa izinsimbi nge-laser okuyi-3D kwathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono, okuvumela ukuthi izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganiswe ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Namuhla, ukuhlanganisa izinsimbi nge-laser kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokuqanjwa okusha okufana nama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/aluhlaza kanye nama-laser e-diode, anikeza amazinga okumunca athuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Izinhlobo eziningana zamalaser zisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile ezifanele izicelo ezithile. Amalaser e-CO2 asebenza ku-wavelength ka-10.6 micrometers futhi aziwa ngamandla awo aphezulu, okwenza abe alungele izinto eziqine kakhulu nokuhlanganisa okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, adinga ukugcinwa okwengeziwe neziqondiso zokuphepha ngenxa yomgqomo wawo ongabonakali.

Amalaser efayibha athole ukuthandwa ngenxa yekhwalithi yawo enhle yomgqomo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nomklamo omncane. Asebenza esikhathini esiseduze se-infrared futhi ayaguquguquka kakhulu, avumela ukuhlanganiswa okulula ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo zokuhlanganisa amalaser. Amalaser e-Nd:YAG, akhishwa ku-1.06 micrometers, ayathandwa emisebenzini yokuhlanganisa enembayo nokuhlanganisa okuncane, avame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni imishini yezokwelapha.

Ama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza anikeza ukumunca okuthuthukisiwe kumalwelwe afana nethusi negolide, okunzima ukuwasha ngama-laser ajwayelekile. Ama-laser e-diode, nakuba ngokuvamile enomthamo ophansi, ayonga futhi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuso nokushisela amapulasitiki, okuhlanganisa nokugqoka i-laser epulasitiki ngezinjongo zokukhangisa nokumaka. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-laser lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile, futhi ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ezintweni, ubukhulu, kanye nezici zokushisela ezifunwayo.

Ukushisela nge-laser kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezidlula izindlela zokushisela ezijwayelekile. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi indawo encane kakhulu ethintekayo ngokushisa (HAZ), okunciphisa ukuhlanekezela okushisayo nokudilizwa kwezinto ezizungeze i-weld. Lokhu kunemba kugcina izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokubukeka kwezinto, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphakeme.

Another advantage is the speed and efficiency of laser welding processes. The highly focused energy input allows faster welding speeds, reducing cycle times and increasing throughput. This efficiency is further enhanced by the ease of automation and integration with robotic welding machines, enabling consistent and repeatable weld quality with minimal operator intervention.

Izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa nge-laser nazo zisekela ukuhlanganisa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinto ezihlukene, okwandisa amathuba okuklama abakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokwenza i-laser welding ye-3D livula imingcele emisha ekwenzeni izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamandla aphezulu nokuqina. Izinkampani ezifana neJiangsu Honray Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa obuyinkimbinkimbi ekukhiqizeni izinto zokubona eziqondile namalensi, ziqinisekisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu nethembekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, ukuwelda nge-laser kunezithiyo ezithile. Omunye wemiphumela emibi yokuqala imali edingekayo ukuze kutholwe izinhlelo zokuwelda nge-laser, engaba enkulu. Ama-fiber lasers aphezulu noma imishini ye-CO2 laser ahilela izindleko ezinkulu, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa kanye nezinsiza zokuphepha, okwenza kube yindleko enkulu yokuhola kumabhizinisi.

Izinkinga zokuphepha nazo zikhona ngenxa yamabha e-laser anamandla aphezulu, adinga izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuze kugwenywe izingozi nokulimala. Abasebenzi badinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha imishini yokuwelda nge-laser ngokuphepha futhi balandele izindinganiso zok regulation.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwelda nge-laser kungenzeka kungafaneleki kuwo wonke amamaterial noma ubukhulu, futhi ezinye izinsimbi ezine-reflectivity ephezulu noma i-thermal conductivity zidinga ukusethwa okukhethekile noma izindlela zokuwelda ezihlukile. Isidingo sokuhambisana kahle kwezixhumi kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo kungakhuphula ubunzima bokukhiqiza nezindleko.

Imakethe inikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokuhlanganisa ngemitha ezihlelwe ngezidingo ezahlukene zezimboni. Imishini yokuhlanganisa ngama-bhethri iyizinhlelo ezincane, ezithwala kalula eziklanyelwe ukulungisa nokuqinisekisa endaweni, ikakhulukazi ezisebenzayo emkhakheni wezokwakha kwezokuxhumana kanye nezama-bhethri. Izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ngemitha ezibanjwe ngesandla zinikeza ukuhamba nokuguquguquka, kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezinzima ukufinyelela noma ezinzima.

Imishini yokuhlanganisa ngemitha ye-robotic ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser nezinsiza ezizenzakalelayo nezokubona, ihlinzeka ngokuqhuba okusheshayo, okuqondile okuphezulu kokuhlanganiswa ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezinjengemigqa yokuhlanganisa izimoto. Lezi zinhlelo zenza kahle ekuhlanganiseni izikhala zemoto nezicucu zomzimba, kuthuthukisa ubuqotho bendawo nokunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Imishini yokushisela ye-laser hybrid ihlanganisa imisebe ye-laser nokushisela kwe-arc yakudala ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela. Le ndlela ye-hybrid ilungele izinto eziqine kakhulu kanye nezicelo ezibalulekile zesakhiwo lapho isivinini namandla kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokufingqa, ukushisela nge-laser kuyibuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obunikeza ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa, isivinini, nokuguquguquka kokukhiqiza kwesimanje. Izinzuzo zayo, okubandakanya izindawo ezincane ezithintekayo ngokushisa, izimfanelo ezingcono zemishini, kanye nokulula kokuzenzakalela, kuyenza ibe yithuluzi elibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Ngenkathi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwasekuqaleni kanye nezinto zokuphepha zidinga ukunakwa, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside kanye namandla okusungula izinto aziphikiswa.

Izinkampani ezithanda ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser kufanele zicabange ukubonisana nochwepheshe ukuze bakhethe izinhlelo ezifanele futhi benze izinqubo zibe ngcono. I-Jiangsu Honray Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokushisela nge-laser nokukhiqiza kungakhuphula kanjani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle.

Ukuthola okwengeziwe mayelana nezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-optical kanye nokukhiqiza amalensi okuzuza ezindleleni zokushisela ezinembayo, vakashela ku-IKHAYA. Ukuze uthole imininingwane enemininingwane yenkampani nezixazululo eziklanyelwe izinto zokubona, hlola i-Mayelana Nathiikhasi. Thola uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo ye-optical esezingeni eliphezulu ku- Imikhiqizo isigaba, futhi uhlale unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva zemboni ngokusebenzisa i-Izindaba ikhasi.