Ilensi ye-laser idlula kakhulu ingilazi elula; iyisici sobuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu ngokunemba okukhulu nokwethembeka. Lawa malensi akhethekile anikezwe umsebenzi wokugxilisa, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukubumba imisebe enamandla ezinhlelweni ezisukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni nasekuweldeni kuya ekuhlinzweni kwezokwelapha nasekwesopheni. Ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi uhlelo lwe-laser kuncike kakhulu kukhwalithi yomzila wayo wokubona, futhi ilensi ye-laser ihlala enhliziyweni yalohlelo, inquma usayizi wechashaza, ukufana komzila, nokusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwamandla. Ezimweni zokukhiqiza zesimanje, lapho ukunemba kwe-micron-level kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo, ukukhetha ilensi ye-laser efanele kungaba umehluko phakathi kokugijima kokukhiqiza okungenasici nokulungiswa kabusha okubizayo noma ukuchithwa. Njengoba izimboni ezifana nezimoto, izindiza, izinto zikagesi, nezezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ziqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yalokho ubuchwepheshe be-laser obungakwazi ukukwenza, ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo, izinketho zezinto, kanye nezinto ezithinta izicelo ezithile zamalensi e-laser kuba ulwazi olubalulekile onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, nabaphathi bokuthenga ngokufanayo. EzingeniMayelana Nathi, i-Honray Optic izibeke njengomkhiqizi omethembayo wezinto ze-optical ezisezingeni eliphezulu, iletha amalensi e-laser enziwe ngokwezifiso namazinga ahlangabezana nezimfuno eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza.

Imakethe yezinto zokubuka nge-laser emhlabeni wonke iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, iqhutshwa yintuthuko ekwenzeni izinto ngokungeza, izimoto ezizihambelayo, nezinqubo zezokwelapha ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Lokhu kukhula kusho ukuthi ochwepheshe kufanele bahlale benolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva ekwakhiweni kwamalensi, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka izinto ezibandayo, nesayensi yezinto. Ilensi ye-laser ekhethwe kahle ayithuthukisi kuphela imiphumela yenqubo kodwa futhi yehlisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokunciphisa ukumosha kwamandla nokwelula impilo yezingxenye zokubuka ezilandelayo. Noma ngabe wenza uhlelo olusha lwe-laser kusukela ekuqaleni noma uthuthukisa uhlelo olukhona, izinqumo ozokwenza mayelana nesimo selensi, into eyenziwe ngayo, nezinto ezivikelayo zizoba nomthelela oqondile ekukhiqizeni kwesistimu yakho, ukunemba, nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlola zonke izici zamalensi e-laser, kusukela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zokusebenza nezinhlobo ezivamile kuya ekukhetheni izinto, isiqondiso sezicelo, nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcinwa.

Ama-lens e-laser asebenza ezimisweni ezaziwa kahle zokugoba, lapho ubude obuyindilinga bemphezulu ye-lens kanye nenani lokugoba lezinto ezakhiweyo zisebenza ndawonye ukugoba imisebe yokukhanya ngendlela elawulwayo. Lapho ububanzi be-laser budlula ku-lens eyindilinga, ubude obuyindilinga bubangela ukuthi imisebe ihlangane endaweni ethile eyaziwa njengephuzu lokugxila, okukhiqiza indawo egxilile engakwazi ukufinyelela amandla aphezulu kakhulu. Leli khono lokugxila yilo elenza ukusika nge-laser, ukubaza, ukushisela, nokubhola, njengoba amandla amakhulu endaweni yokugxila angancibilikisa, ashise, noma ashintshe unomphela into okuhlosiwe ngobuchwepheshe obumangalisayo. Ubude bokugxila be-laser lens, obuvame ukulinganiswa ngamamillimitha noma ama-intshi, bunquma ngqo usayizi wendawo kanye nobunzulu bokugxila, okwenza kube omunye wemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlelo. Ubude bokugxila obufushane buhiqiza usayizi wendawo omncane kodwa futhi nobunzulu bokugxila obuncane, okudinga ukulawulwa kwebanga okunembayo kakhulu, kanti ubude bokugxila obude bunikeza ibanga elikhulu lokusebenza nokubekezelelana kobunzulu ngokulahlekelwa usayizi wendawo. Onjiniyela kufanele balinganise ngokucophelela lezi zivumelwano ngokusekelwe ku-geometry ethile, ubukhulu bezinto, kanye nezidingo zokubekezelelana zemisebenzi yabo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectra yokusebenza, ukucacisa ukukhanya kwe-laser kuyinqubo yokuguqula ukuphuma kwe-laser okuphambukayo kube ibhande elihambisana, elicacile eligcina usayizi walo kanye nokuphambuka okuphansi ezikhathini ezinde. Uhlelo lwe-laser olucacile ngokuvamile lusebenzisa ilensi eyakhelwe kahle ebekwe ngempela kude nofakazi lwe-laser, okwenza imisebe ephambukayo ivele ihambisane nomugqa wezithombe. Imisebe ecacile ibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana nokukala ibanga le-LIDAR, ukuxhumana kwezithombe endaweni evulekile, ukuhamba kwe-laser, kanye nanoma yisiphi isimo lapho ibhande kufanele lihambe ibanga elikhulu ngaphambi kokuxhumana nenhloso. Ikhwalithi yokucaciswa ithinta ngqo ukunemba kokukala ezinhlelweni ze-LIDAR kanye nokudlulisela idatha ezixhumaneni zezithombe, okwenza ukukhetha ilensi kube isinqumo esibalulekile sobunjiniyela. Ngaphezu kokugxila okulula nokucacisa, izinhlelo eziningi ze-laser ezithuthukile zisebenzisa abakhulisi bebhande, izithombe ezihambayo, kanye nezinhlu ze-lensi ezihlukile — kuhlanganisa nezingxenye ezikhethekile ezifana nelensi ye-powell — ukuze ziguqule iphrofayili yebhande ibe imigqa, amakhanda, noma izimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihambisana nezidingo ezithile zezimboni noma zesayensi. Izilensi ze-powell, ngokwesibonelo, zisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imigqa ye-laser efanayo kakhulu yezinhlelo zokubona imishini ye-3D kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ubuso, lapho ilensi ejwayelekile ye-cylindrical ingakhiqiza ukusabalala kokukhanya okungalingani kwe-Gaussian.

Amalensi e-Plano-convex, anomunye umumo oyisicaba nomunye umumo oyindilinga ophumayo (convex), anguhlobo lwamalensi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-laser ngenxa yobulula bawo, ukusebenza kahle, nokubiza kancane. Amalensi la alungele ukugxilisa imisebe ehambisanayo, ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamaphuzu, nokuhlanganisa amandla e-laser kuma-optical fibers ngoba umumo oyindilinga ophumayo wenza ingxenye enkulu yokugoba (refraction) kanti umumo oyisicaba unciphisa i-spherical aberration uma ubekwe kahle. Empeleni, uhlangothi oluyindilinga ophumayo kufanele lubheke umsebe ongenayo lapho kugxilisa umsebe ohlanganisiwe, futhi lubheke kude lapho kuhlangatshezwana nomthombo ohlukanayo, ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-optical. Amalensi e-Plano-convex atholakala ngobubanzi obukhulu, ubude obugxilisa (focal lengths), nezinto ezakhiwe ngazo (substrate materials), okwenza kube ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kuyo yonke into kusuka kuma-diode lasers amandla aphansi kuya kumakhanda okusika e-CO2 amandla aphezulu. Abakhiqizi abafana ne-Honray Optic bakhiqiza amalensi la ngokubekezelelana okungaphezulu komumo kanye nezingubo eziphakeme zokuvimbela ukubonakaliswa (anti-reflection coatings) ukuze kukhuliswe ukudluliswa (transmission) futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokuhlakazeka (scatter losses) kulo lonke uhla lwamagagasi (wavelength range) ahlose ukusetshenziswa.

Izilensi ze-bi-convex, ezinobuso bobabili obugobile ngaphandle, zinikeza ubude obufushane bokugxila obusebenzayo kune-plano-convex lens enomugqa ofanayo nobubanzi, okwenza zifanele izicelo ezidinga ukuhlanganiswa okunamandla kwe-beam ngendlela encane. Lezi zilensi zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-beam expanders, ezinhlelweni zokuthwebula izithombe ze-relay, kanye nama-collimator we-laser diode lapho ukugoba okulinganayo kunenzuzo ekwehliseni izinhlobo ezithile zokukhubazeka kwe-optical. Ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kokugoba kwe-bi-convex lens kusiza ukusabalalisa amandla e-optical ngokulinganayo, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza ezinhlelweni ezinemikhawulo yendawo eqinile noma izidingo eziphoqayo zosayizi we-spot. Kodwa-ke, abaklami kufanele baqaphele ukwanda kwe-spherical aberration uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo ye-plano-convex kuma-numerical apertures aphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-aspheric noma ezinezinto eziningi ezicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Amalensi e-meniscus, anobeka isimo esifana nenyanga esinendawo eyodwa eyindilinga ngaphakathi nenye eyindilinga ngaphandle, asetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto zokubona ukuze kulungiswe ukungahambi kahle ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba kungavamile ukuthi isetshenziswe yodwa njengelensi yokugxilisa eyinhloko, umklamo we-meniscus ubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi, izihhomisa imisebe, kanye nezinto zokubona eziletha i-laser lapho ukuthambisa kwensimu nokulawula ukuhlanekezela kubalulekile. Ukuvunguza okuyingqayizivele kwelensi ye-meniscus kukuvumela ukuthi kunciphise ukungahambi kahle kwe-spherical lapho ibekwe emgqeni ohlangana noma ohlehlayo endaweni ethile, isebenza njengento yokulungisa kahle ngaphakathi komzila omkhulu wokubona. Emakhanda aphezulu okucubungula i-laser kanye nezinsiza zesayensi, amalensi e-meniscus asiza ukufeza ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kwe-diffraction ezindaweni ezinkulu zokubona namabhande amade omugqa kunezingxenye eziyinhloko ezilula ezinganikeza zona.

Amalensi ayindilinga ahlukaniswa ngokukwazi kwawo ukugxilisa noma ukunweba ukukhanya ngendlela eyodwa kuphela, okuguqula umgqomo we-laser oyindilinga ube umugqa noma indawo eyisiyingi ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Amalensi la abalulekile ekuskeneni amakhodi ebha, ukulungisa i-laser, ukusika insimbi enamaphepha, nokuphrinta okusheshayo, lapho iphrofayela yomgqomo onomugqa inezinzuzo ezinkulu kune ndawo eyindilinga. Ububanzi bokugoba ngasohlangothini lomugqa we-cylindrical bunquma ubude bomugqa nokujula kokugxilisa, kanti uhlangothi oluqondile luhlala luyisicaba, lungadali umphumela wokukhanya ngalolo hlangothi. Ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukukhanya komugqa okufanayo kakhulu, i-powell lens ivame ukukhethwa kunamalensi ayindilinga ajwayelekile ngoba isusa ukwehla kokukhanya kwe-Gaussian emaphethelweni omugqa, ihlinzeka ngokuhanjiswa kwamandla okungaguquki kuyo yonke indawo yokusebenza. Amaqoqo amalensi ayindilinga nawo asetshenziswa kuma-beam homogenizers ukuze kuqiniswe i-laser nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa, okubonisa ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwalolu hlobo lwamalensi embonini yezithombe yesimanje.

I-silica enyibilikisiwe iyinto yokwenziwa ye-silicon dioxide engenawo umumo, enikeza ukudluliswa okukhethekile kwe-optical kusuka esifundeni esijulile se-ultraviolet kuze kube sezingeni eliseduze le-infrared, ihlanganisa amagagasi asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-excimer lasers, i-frequency-converted solid-state lasers, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ze-fiber laser. Izinga layo eliphansi kakhulu lokunweba ngenxa yokushisa lenza i-silica enyibilikisiwe imelane kakhulu nokushaqeka okubangelwa ukushisa, inzuzo ebalulekile lapho kubhekwa imisebe enamandla aphezulu engadala ukushisa endaweni ethile ngaphakathi kwesisekelo selensi. Le nto iphinde ibonise i-autofluorescence ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-homogeneity enhle kakhulu, esiza ukugcina ikhwalithi yemisebe futhi ivimbele isignali engadingeki yangemuva ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ezibucayi. Amalensi elaser e-silica enyibilikisiwe ayatholakala ngezigaba eziningi, nezinguqulo eziphakeme kakhulu zinikeza ukudluliswa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-UV nokumelana okukhulu nemiphumela ye-solarization engadala ukwehla kokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-laser micromachining, ukuhlola i-semiconductor, kanye ne-UV curing, i-silica enyibilikisiwe ihlala iyinto ekhethiwe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kokudluliswa okubanzi nokuzinza kwe-thermal.

I-Zinc selenide, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ZnSe, iyinto ejwayelekile yokusekela i-CO2 laser optics esebenza ku-10.6 μm wavelength, lapho inikeza ukudluliswa okuhle kakhulu okuvame ukudlula u-97% uma ihlinzekwe kahle. Ilensi ye-ZnSe ibonakala nge-coefficient yayo ephansi yokumunca kanye ne-refractive index ephezulu, okuvumela abaklami ukuthi bafeze ubude obufunayo bokugxila ngokugoba okuncane kunalokho okudingekayo ngezinto ezinama-index aphansi. I-ZnSe iphinde ibe namandla okumelana nomswakama kanye nokushaqeka okushisayo, okwenza ibe namandla ngokwanele ezindaweni ezidingayo ezitholakala kumakhebhothi okusika nokumaka i-laser. Kodwa-ke, le nto ithambile uma iqhathaniswa ne-fused silica, idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nokuhlanza njalo ngezixazululi ezifanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwendawo okungadala ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-optical. Ukuhlanganiswa kokudluliswa okuphezulu kumagagasi e-CO2 laser, ukuqhuba okuhle kwe-thermal, kanye namandla okusebenza okulinganiselayo kwenza i-ZnSe ibe yinto ebusayo ezinhlelweni ze-CO2 laser zezimboni ezisetshenziswa ekusikeni insimbi, ukugawula izinkuni, nokushisela ipulasitiki.

I-Germanium iyinto ye-infrared ye-high-index enokudluliswa okuhle kulo lonke uhla lwe-2 μm kuye ku-14 μm, okwenza ibe yisidingo ezinhlelweni zokubona izithombe ezishisayo, i-infrared spectroscopy, nezinzuzo zokuthola i-CO2 laser. Inkomba ephakeme yokubuyisa ye-germanium ivumela ukuthi izibuko zenziwe ngamajika amamile futhi izikhathi ezimfushane zokugxila ngaphandle kokwanda okukhulu ekuqineni, okwenza imiklamo ye-optical ehlanganisiwe yamakhamera ashisa kakhulu aphathwayo kanye nezinzuzo zesistimu ye-gimbaled. Izibuko ze-Germanium zibuye zibonise imingcele ephezulu yokulimala okubangelwa yi-laser, okubalulekile lapho zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nemithombo ye-laser ye-infrared yokukhanyisa okusebenzayo noma ukuthola ibanga. Ukuvinjelwa okukodwa kwe-germanium ukuthi ukudluliswa kwayo kwehle kakhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-40 °C, okudinga ukuzinza okushisayo noma imiklamo ekhethekile yokumboza izinhlelo ezindaweni ezishisayo njengeziko zezimboni noma izindawo zasendaweni zasendaweni. Naphezu kwalokhu kuthambekela kwezinga lokushisa, i-germanium ihlala iyinto ekhethwayo yezinhlelo ze-optical ze-long-wave infrared (LWIR) ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo okungafani nenkomba yokubuyisa, uhla lokudluliswa, nokuqina komshini.

I-Calcium fluoride iyinto yokubuka esobala eyenziwe ngamakristalu, eyaziswa kakhulu ngokudlulisela kwayo okuhle kakhulu kumaza amancane kakhulu (ultraviolet) nawamaza amancane kakhulu ajulile (deep-ultraviolet), lapho ezinye izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa ezindebeni zamehlo ziba nomthamo omkhulu futhi zingasebenzi. Le nto ayinyibiliki kalula futhi imelana kahle nemiphumela ye-solarization, okusho ukuthi ingamelana nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumandla aphezulu kakhulu emisebe ye-UV laser ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa izikhungo zombala ezinganciphisa ukudlulisela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Calcium fluoride iphinde ibe ne-refractive index ephansi kanye ne-dispersion ephansi, okusiza abaklami bezindebeni zamehlo ukunciphisa i-chromatic aberration ezinhlelweni ezisebenza kumaza amaningi e-UV. Lezi zici zenza i-calcium fluoride ibe yinto ekhethwayo yezindebeni zamehlo ze-excimer laser ezisetshenziswa ku-semiconductor lithography, ukuhlinzwa kwe-refractive, kanye nokucubungula izinto ezithuthukisiwe. I-Calcium fluoride ye-UV-grade yenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuze kususwe ingcindezi yangaphakathi, izinto ezifakiwe, kanye neziphazamiso ze-crystallographic ezingadala ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-wavefront noma ukulimala okwenzeka endaweni ethile ngaphansi kokukhanya okunamandla okuphezulu kwe-UV.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukusika nokubaza nge-laser, izidingo eziyinhloko ze-lens ye-laser yilezi: usayizi omncane wechashaza, amandla aphezulu okubamba, nokumelana nemiphumela ye-thermal lensing engadala ukuthi iphuzu lokugxila lishintshe ngesikhathi sokusebenza eside. Ama-lens okusika avame ukuba kubude obungu-1.5 kuye ku-10 amayintshi, lapho ubude obufushane be-focal buvumela imininingwane ecokeme kakhulu ezintweni ezincane kanti ubude obude be-focal buvumela ibanga elikhulu lokusebenza ezintweni ezijiyile noma ukucubungula okukhulu. Impahla ye-lens kufanele ibe nokumuncwa okuphansi ku-wavelength ye-laser ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kokushisa, futhi izendlalelo ze-anti-reflection kufanele ziklanyelwe ukubekezelela amandla aphezulu ajwayelekile ezinhlelo zokusika nge-laser ezisebenzisa i-pulsed. Emakhanda okusika nge-fiber laser, i-lens yokugcina yokugxila ngokuvamile iyisici se-plano-convex noma i-meniscus esivikelwe ngesilayidi sokumboza esingashintshwa esincela ukufutha nodoti, sandise impilo ye-optic eyinhloko. Abasebenzisi kufanele futhi bacabange nge-geometry yokulethwa kwebhamu — okuhlanganisa ububanzi be-beam engenayo kanye nokuhlukahluka — ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi i-lens ikhiqiza usayizi wechashaza ofanele kanye nokujula kwensimu ezidingweni zabo ezithile zobukhulu bezinto kanye nekhwalithi yemiphetho.

Izinhlelo zamalaser emithi zidinga izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezibuko zamalaser, okubandakanya ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokukhanya, ukuhambisana nokubulala amagciwane, nokwethembeka okuphezulu ngoba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwe-optical ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwesiguli. Ezinhlelweni ezifana nokuhlinzwa kwe-LASIK, ukulungisa isikhumba emithini, nokususa izicubu eziqinile emithini, isibuko samalaser kumele sihambise iphrofayili yokukhanya elawulwa ngokucophelela nenkinga encane ye-wavefront ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwezicubu okunembayo. Izibuko zekilasi lezokwelapha zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezihambisana nezinto eziphilayo ngezingubo ezikhethekile ezingamelana nemijikelezo yokuphindaphinda yokubulala amagciwane kusetshenziswa i-autoclaving, i-ethylene oxide, noma izibulala-magciwane zamakhemikhali ngaphandle kokudilika. Isibuko sokuvikela ilaser esisetshenziswa endleleni yokulethwa naso sinesibopho esibalulekile ekuvikeleni isiguli nomsebenzisi ekuchayekeni ngengozi, ukuhlunga ukubonakaliswa okungahleliwe ngenkathi kugcinwa ukudluliswa okuphezulu ku-wavelength yokwelashwa. Amazinga omthetho afana ne-ISO 13485 ne-FDA 21 CFR Part 820 alawula ukuklama nokukhiqiza i-optics yamalaser emithi, edinga ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokuqinisekisa nokulandelelwa kuyo yonke iminyango yokuhlinzekwa.

Izicelo zokumaka nge-laser nokushisela zidinga amalensi angakwazi ukubhekana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amandla aphezulu kakhulu, nokubuyela emuva ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka endaweni yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuhluleka okukhulu. Ukumaka kuvame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuskena ezisekelwe ku-galvanometer ezinamalensi angama-flat-field (f-theta) agcina indawo eyisicaba yokugxila kuyo yonke indawo yokuskena, iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokumaka engaguquki kungakhathalekile indawo yomgqomo. Amalensi okushisela, ngokuphambene, avame ukusebenzisa ubude obude bokugxila kanye namabala amakhulu ukuze kwakheke amachibi amakhulu okuncibilika adingekayo ukuze kutholwe izibopho eziqinile, futhi kufanele zakwazi ukubekezelela ukukhishwa okunamandla kwe-infrared kanye nomhwamuko wensimbi okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Kuma-laser welders amaningi anama-pulsed, ilensi yokugxila kufanele futhi isinde kumandla aphezulu ama-pulse angafinyelela kuma-joules amaningi nge-pulse ngayinye, okwenza umkhawulo wokulimala odalwa yi-laser ube yispecification ebalulekile. Kulezi zicelo, izinto zamalensi ezine-thermal conductivity ephezulu — njenge-fused silica noma izigaba ezithile ze-ZnSe — zisiza ukudlulisa ukushisa ngokushesha futhi kunciphise ingozi yokwenzeka kwe-thermal lensing noma ukuhluleka kwe-coating ngesikhathi sokusebenza eside kumazinga aphezulu okusebenza.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nezinhlelo ze-LIDAR ngokuvamile zidinga amalensi elaser anokunemba okuphezulu kwe-optical, ukuhlanekezelwa okuncane kwe-wavefront, kanye nemingcele yomonakalo ephakeme kunezidingo zezicelo eziningi zezimboni. Kuhlelo elikhipha ilaser elisetshenziselwa i-LIDAR, ilensi elikhiphayo kufanele likhiqize ububanzi obunokuhlukahluka okuphansi kakhulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukunemba kwebanga le-centimeter kumabanga adlula ikhilomitha elilodwa, okwenza ukubekezelelana komumo womhlaba kanye nokunemba kwe-centration kube kubaluleke kakhulu. Izindawo zocwaningo ezifana namalabhorethri elaser ye-femtosecond, izivivinyo ze-nonlinear optics, kanye nezilungiselelo ze-quantum optics zivame ukudinga imiklamo yelensi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso enezicelo ezikhethekile zamabhande amaza ombana, izindawo zokudlulisa ezibanzi, noma ukusebenza okukhethekile kwe-polarization. Ubukhulu obuphezulu obutholakala ezinhlelweni zelaser ye-femtosecond ne-picosecond bungadala umonakalo ngisho nasezintweni eziklanywe kahle, ngakho-ke amalensi asetshenziswa kulezi zicelo kufanele abe nokungalingani komhlaba okuphansi kakhulu kanye nezicelo ezingenamaphutha ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okukhulu. Izinsimbi eziningi zesayensi ziphinde zifake izintaba zelensi ezishintshashintshayo noma ezishintshwayo ukuze zinikeze abacwaningi ukuguquguquka ekulungiseni imingcele yobubanzi ngaphandle kokulungisa kabusha indlela yonke ye-optical, okudinga umklamo onamandla wezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-optical.

Izendlalelo zokuvimbela ukubonakaliswa (AR) ziyizendlalelo zefilimu ezicwebezelayo ezifakwa ebusweni bengilazi ye-laser ukunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kokubonakaliswa kwe-Fresnel, okungenzeka kudlule u-4% ngekhasi ezindaweni zengilazi ezingafakwanga. Ngokuklama ngokucophelela ubukhulu kanye ne-refractive index yezendlalelo eziningi noma eyodwa, abakhiqizi banganciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwekhasi kube ngaphansi kuka-0.2% ku-wavelength design, kukhulise ukudluliswa kwesistimu okuphelele futhi kuqede ukukhanya okungahleliwe okungadala izinkinga zokudlala noma zokubuyela emuva ezindaweni ezibucayi. Izendlalelo ezivame kakhulu ze-AR ezengilazi ye-laser yi-magnesium fluoride eyodwa yezicelo ezishibhile kanye nezingqimba zama-dielectric amaningi zokusebenza okuphezulu kuwo wonke ama-wavelength bands noma emithonjeni ye-laser ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa, i-laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) yesistimu ye-coating-substrate ingenye yezincazelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezicelo ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu, echaza amandla aphezulu (ku-J/cm²) noma amandla amandla (ku-W/cm²) ingilazi engakwazi ukumelana ngaphambi kokuba konakale unomphela. Amanani e-LIDT ancike ezintweni zesubstrate, design ye-coating, i-laser wavelength, isikhathi sesigubhu, izinga lokubuyela emuva, kanye nezimo zemvelo njengomswakama kanye nokungcola kwezinhlayiya, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi kufanele bahlole izendlalelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nezicelo ezihloselwe zona. Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwengilazi yokuvikela i-laser ezicelo ezinamandla aphezulu, abanjiniyela kufanele njalo baqinisekise ukuthi kokubili i-coating kanye ne-substrate zine amanani e-LIDT anikeza umkhawulo wokuphepha ngaphezu kwezimo zokuchayeka ezilindelekile.

Ukunakekelwa kahle nokugcinwa kwamalensi e-laser kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kwe-optical, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nokukhulisa inzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali kumalensi okunemba. Izinto ezingcolisa njengothuli olungomoya, umusi kawoyela ovela ezinqubweni zokusika, kanye nezinsalela ezingokwemvelo ezivela ekubambeni zingakheka ezindaweni zamalensi futhi zithathe amandla e-laser, okuholela ekushiseni okwenzeka endaweni ethile okungadala ukuqhekeka kwe-coating noma ngisho nokuphuka kwe-substrate ngaphansi kwezimo zamandla aphezulu. Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho kudingeka — kusetshenziswa umoya ocindezelwe noma ibhaluni leraba ukususa izinhlayiya ezixegayo kuqala, kulandelwe ukusula ngokucophelela ngethishu yelensi yekilasi le-cleanroom kanye ne-acetone ehlanzekile kakhulu noma i-isopropyl alcohol ezinsaleleni ezinzima kakhulu. Ungalokothi usebenzise izihlanzi zasendlini, amathawula ephepha, noma amanzi ompompi, njengoba lezi zingashiya imihuzukwana, imivimbo, noma izinto eziminyene ezilimaza ikhwalithi ye-optical futhi zinciphise umkhawulo wokulimala. Ukuhlola ilensi ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo noma imicroscope kufanele kube yingxenye yomsebenzi wokugcinwa ojwayelekile, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babone iziphepho ze-coating, imihuzukwana engaphezulu, noma ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba kubangele ukwehluleka komsebenzi. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-laser zezimboni zihlanganisa izikrini zokuvikela noma amawindi — ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngamaqoqo amalensi okuvikela i-laser — enzelwe ukuthi ashintshwe kalula lapho engcolile, avikele ilensi yokugxilisa enezindleko ezinkulu ekulimaleni. I-Honray Optic, njengoba ichazwe kuIFEKTHELE YETHU ikhasi, ligcina indawo yokukhiqiza engu-3,000 square meters enezimiso eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ilensi ngayinye ihlangabezana namazinga aqinile okuhlanzeka nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Ezintweni zokubuka ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinzima, njengezo ngaphakathi kwamakhanda okusika i-laser noma eduze kweziteshi zokushisela, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zomoya, imilomo ye-cross-jet, noma izindlu ezine-positive-pressure kunganciphisa kakhulu amazinga okungcola futhi kwandise izikhathi zokusebenza kwezinto zokubuka. Abasebenzi kufanele futhi baqeqeshwe ngamasu afanele okuphatha izinto zokubuka, okubandakanya ukugqoka amagilavu ahlanzekile, ukugwema ukuthinta izindawo ezibukwayo, nokugcina izinto zokubuka ezingasetshenziswa ezitsheni ezivaliwe, ezilawulwa umswakama, ezinamaphakethe e-desiccant. Noma nini lapho isinto yokubuka ikhishwa endaweni yayo ukuze ihlanzwe noma ihlolwe, kufanele kuqashelwe ukumaka indlela nokuma kwayo maqondana nendlu ukuze kugwenywe ukwethula amaphutha okuhambisana lapho ifakwa kabusha. Ukugcina amarekhodi anembayo okusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubuka, imijikelezo yokuhlanza, nomlando wokushintshwa kuvumela amaqembu okugcinwa ukuthi abone amaphethini angabonisa izinkinga ezingaphansi ohlelweni, njengokungcola okweqile okuvela ekuhlungeni okunganele noma ukwehla okungajwayelekile kwe-coating okuvela kumaphethini e-beam angajwayelekile. Ngokutshala imali ohlelweni oluhleliwe lokugcinwa nokusebenza nabahlinzeki abahlonishwayo abanikeza imininingwane enemininingwane yokuphatha nokuhlanza, amabhizinisi angandisa kakhulu impilo ewusizo yezinto zawo ze-laser optics futhi anciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingalindelekile.

Ukutshala imali kumalensi e-laser asezingeni eliphezulu kuyisinqumo samasu esithinta ngqo ukukhiqiza kwesistimu, ukunemba kwenqubo, kanye nezindleko zokuba nazo zonke izindleko empilweni yonke yesicelo se-laser. Ilensi ye-laser eyenziwe kahle enokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele, i-geometry elungisiwe, kanye nezendlalelo eziqinile zokuvimbela ukubonakaliswa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela, kunciphise ukubona kwe-thermal, futhi kunikeze ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphezu kwamahora ayizinkulungwane zokusebenza. Ngokuphambene, izinto ezibukwayo ezishibhile ezinokungapheleli kwekhwalithi yendawo, izendlalelo ezimbi, noma izakhiwo zezinto ezingafani zingadala amaphutha e-wavefront, kunciphise ukudluliswa kwamandla, futhi kuhluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zamandla aphezulu, okuholela ekulungisweni okubizayo kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhiqiza. Noma ngabe isicelo sakho sihlanganisa ukusika nokushisela kwezimboni, ukuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha, ucwaningo lwesayensi, noma ukuzwa kwe-LIDAR, izimiso ezichazwe kulo mhlahlandlela — kusukela ezisekelweni zokugxilisa ibhande kanye nomklamo wesistimu ye-laser yokuhlanganisa kuya ezakhiweni zezinto kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcinwa — zinikeza isisekelo sokwenza izinqumo ezinekhono zokukhetha ilensi. I-Honray Optic, enezayo eziningiImikhiqizoububanzi bezinketho zokubona ezisezingeni eliphezulu namakhono okukhiqiza ngokwezifiso, ilungele ukusekela onjiniyela kanye nabaphathi bokuthenga ekutholeni isixazululo esifanele sezibuko ze-laser ezidingweni zabo ezithile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwe ezibukweni ze-laser ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubuyiselwa ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ikhwalithi engcono yezingxenye, amazinga aphansi okuchithwa, nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi, okwenza kube enye yezinqumo zokuthenga ezinomthelela kakhulu umuntu opharetha wesistimu ye-laser angayenza.