Uma uqala ukufuna imishini yokukhiqiza yezimboni noma yase-workshop, igama elithi umshini we-laser likwembulela ngokushesha indawo enkulu yezobuchwepheshe, izincazelo, namazinga entengo. Kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi elifuna ukutshala imali emakhono okumaka, ukusika, noma ukugravura, ukuqonda umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezilawulayo ze-laser—i-CO2, i-fiber, ne-UV—akusizi nje kuphela; kubalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe ngalunye busebenza ngesimiso esihlukile, buhlanganyela nezinto ezahlukene, futhi busebenzisa indima eyingqayizivele kumjikelezo wokukhiqiza. Ukukhetha ngokungalungile kungasho imali elahlekile, ikhwalithi embi yemiphetho, noma ukwehluleka ukucubungula izinto amakhasimende akho azidingayo. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizokhipha izinkulumo zemakethe futhi sihambise ukuqhathanisa okusebenzayo, okungokokuqala, okuhlanganisa ukuthi i-laser ngayinye isebenza kanjani, lapho ikhanya khona, lapho yehluleka khona, nokuthi ungayenza kanjani isinqumo sokuthenga esiqinisekile somsebenzi wakho othize. Noma ngabe usebenzisa i-workshop encane yokwenza izibonelo noma ukwandisa umugqa wokukhiqiza, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukucaca okudingayo ukuze utshale imali ngokuhlakanipha. Kwa-Honray Optic, sichithe iminyaka sisiza amabhizinisi ukuthi afanise izidingo zawo zokusebenza nezixazululo ezifanele ze-optical neze-laser, futhi sikholelwa ukuthi abathengi abanolwazi benza abalingani abahle kakhulu.

Ushuni we-CO2 laser ngokuyisisekelo uhlelo olusekelwe kuwo igesi. Ngaphakathi kwe-resonator, ingxube ye-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, ne-helium ivuselelwa ngogesi, ikhiqize umgqomo we-infrared onobude obungaba ngu-10.6 micrometers. Leli banga elide lingena kalula ezintweni eziphilayo nezintando zensimbi, yingakho-ke imishini ye-CO2 yaba yisisetshenziswa esibalulekile embonini yezimpawu, yokubaza izinkuni, kanye neyokulungisa izindwangu. Lapho umgqomo uthinta indawo efana ne-plywood, i-acrylic, isikhumba, noma indwangu, amandla aguquka abe ukushisa ngokushesha, ashise noma ancibilikise izinto endleleni ehleliwe. Abasebenzisi abathembela ku-laser grbl controller bavame ukuyihlanganisa nomthombo we-CO2 wamadivayisi asebenzayo asebenzayo ngoba i-firmware yokulawula ukunyakaza ihambisana kahle nokuguquguquka kwamandla okudingwa yilezi zishubhu. Empeleni, uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lwe-CO2 lungakhiqiza imiphetho engadingi ukuhlikihla okwesibili ku-acrylic futhi lungakwazi ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe ngezinga elikhulu.

Izicelo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ye-CO2 laser zisezingxenyeni ezingezona ezensimbi. Ukusika nokubaza izinkuni kuhlala kuyimisebenzi ejwayelekile kakhulu, kulandelwa ngokushesha ukwakhiwa kwe-acrylic yemibukiso, imiklomelo, namamodeli ezakhiwo. Ukusika izindwangu embonini yezingubo, ukwenza amamodeli ephepha nekhadibodi, ngisho nokuhlobisa ukudla njengezifanekiso zamakhukhi ezibaziweyo kungaphakathi kwesizinda se-CO2. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le mishini inikeza indawo enkulu yokusebenza ngokuqala okungabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zefayibha, futhi amashubhu okushintsha ayatholakala kalula futhi angabizi. Kodwa-ke, ububi bubalulekile uma ucabanga ngemisebenzi yensimbi: ibhande elijwayelekile le-CO2 liyabonakala ku-aluminium, insimbi, nethusi, okwenza ukusika okuqondile kungenzeki ngaphandle kosizo olukhethekile lwegesi noma izilungiselelo ezicindezelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokusebenzisa ishubhu (ejwayelekile amahora angu-2,000–8,000) kanye nesidingo sokupholisa nge-chiller kwengeza ezindlekweni zokuba nomshini. Esitolo esiphatha izinkuni, i-acrylic, nezindwangu ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lwe-CO2 lusengumgwaqo ongabizi kakhulu, kodwa ngeke kube ukukhetha okulungile endaweni yokwenza imisebenzi yensimbi kuphela.

Imishini ye-fiber laser imele indlela eyahlukile yobunjiniyela. Kunokuba ivuse inhlanganisela yegesi, i-fiber laser isebenzisa ama-diode aqinile ukudlulisa ukukhanya nge-optical fiber enomuthi, ngokuvamile nge-ytterbium njengomthombo wokukhula. Ukukhanya okutholakalayo kunobude obungaba ngu-1.07 micrometers, cishe kane kancane kuno-CO2, okuyinika izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokumunca emakeni. Yingakho ama-fiber laser angakwazi ukugqobhoza i-anodized aluminum, ukusika iphepha lensimbi engagqwalile, nokumaka insimbi yethuluzi eqinile ngokugqama okuphezulu nesivinini. Kunoma ubani ofuna i-aluminum laser engraver enikeza imiphumela engapheli, esheshayo ngaphandle kokugqobhoza ngamakhemikhali, umthombo we-fiber oqhumayo noma oqhubekayo uyindinganiso yomkhakha. Ikhwalithi yokukhanya ihle kakhulu (amanani e-M² asondele ku-1.1), okuvumela indawo encane yokugxila futhi, ngenxa yalokho, imininingwane emihle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokumaka njengezinombolo zomkhiqizo, amabhakhodi, namalogo kumadivayisi ezokwelapha noma izingxenye zezimoto.

Uma uhlola imishini ye-fiber laser, izicelo ezinhle kakhulu zijikeleza ukumaka insimbi nokusika insimbi encane. Izindawo zokusebenza ezisingatha insimbi engagqwalile, i-aluminium, i-brass, i-titanium, kanye nezinye izinto eziyimpuphu ezingaphezulu zithola imithombo ye-fiber ingenasidingo emakeni ahlala njalo, aphumelele kakhulu. Amakhono okusika avame ukufinyelela insimbi evamile neyensimbi engagqwalile kuze kufike ku-2–4 mm kudlula okukodwa, nakuba amazinga amandla angaphezu kwe-1 kW ephusha leyo mkhawulo iphakame kakhudlwana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-fiber laser anezindleko eziphansi kakhulu nge-mark phakathi kwezinhlobo zonke ze-laser ngoba awanawo amashubhu adingeka njalo, awanawo izibuko zokulungisa, futhi impilo yediyodi ivame ukudlula amahora angu-100,000. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-wall-plug (cishe u-30%–40%) kuphinde kube ngcono kakhulu kune-CO2. Okubi okuyinhloko yizindleko eziphakeme zokuqala kanye nokuqiniswa kokuthi ama-fiber laser akasebenzi kahle izinkuni, i-acrylic, noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo—i-wavelength emfushane idlula ku-acrylic ecacile futhi ishisa izinkuni kunokuba iyinyibilikise kahle. Uma izinto zakho eziyinhloko ziyinsimbi, i-fiber laser cishe iyona utshalomali olufanele. Kulabo abacabanga ngokukhetha uhlelo lokusika lwe-cnc oluphinde lusingathe ukugravisha, i-fiber laser iyona ekhethwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto ezihlobene nensimbi.

Imishini ye-UV laser isebenza ngesimiso esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukucubungula okubandayo." Lemi-laser eziqinile zikhipha ukukhanya ngobude obungu-355 nm (diode-pumped solid-state) noma u-266 nm, okungaphansi kwe-ultraviolet spectrum. Umehluko obalulekile ukuthi ama-UV photon athwala amandla aphezulu kune-infrared photon, futhi izinto eziningi zithatha ukukhanya kwe-UV kakhulu ngaphandle kokukuguqula kube ukushisa. Esikhundleni sokuncibilika noma ukuvuvukala, i-UV laser yenza izibopho zamangqamuzana ngokuqondile ngenqubo ebizwa nge-photo-ablation. Lokhu kwenza imishini ye-UV laser ibe yisidingo sezicelo lapho ukulimala okubangelwa ukushisa, ukushiswa, noma ukuqhekeka okuncane kungabekezeleki. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukanisa amabhodi wesifunda aphrintwe (PCB), ukugqoka kwe-ceramic, ukususa ama-thin-film, nokumaka upulasitiki wemishini yezokwelapha konke kuncike emithonjeni ye-UV ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bezinto. Ukufuna umshini wokugawula i-laser eduze kwami ​​onguchwepheshe ekwenzeni izinto zokuhlola ze-electronics kuzovame kukuyisa esitolo esinayo i-UV laser ngoba akukho enye i-laser engakwazi ukugawula isifunda esiguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokushisa i-substrate.

Izicelo ezihamba phambili zemishini ye-UV laser zigxile emikhakheni yezinto zikagesimende, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nobunjiniyela obunembayo. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezibucayi ekushiseni—i-polyimide, i-PTFE, i-PET, ingilazi encane, i-ceramics, noma ama-wafer esemiconductor—kuyazuza kumshini wokukhipha okubandayo. Ukumaka ezindaweni ezicacile noma ezibonakalisa kakhulu nakho kungenzeka ngoba ukukhanya kwe-UV kuyamuncwa kunokuba kudlule. Izinto ezinhle zama-UV lasers zihlanganisa ububanzi obuncane kakhulu be-kerf (buncane njengama-microns angu-10–20), izindawo ezincane kakhulu ezithintwa ukushisa (HAZ), kanye nekhono lokucubungula izinto ezingenzeki nge-CO2 noma imithombo ye-fiber. Izinto ezimbi nazo ziqinisile: ama-UV lasers anezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu nge-watt, amandla aphansi ngokuphelele (ngokuvamile angu-1–20 W), kanye nezivinini zokucubungula ezihamba kancane ekususweni kwezinto eziningi. I-pump diodes nama-nonlinear crystals nawo adinga ukufakwa esikhundleni njalo, okwengeza ebunzimeni bokugcinwa. Ebhizinisini elibala ukunemba ngaphezu kwejubane futhi elisebenza nezinto ezibucayi zikagesimende, umshini we-UV laser uyithuluzi elibalulekile elizihlukanisela intengo yalo ephakeme ngokukhipha okungenamaphutha.

Ukuze umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu zemishini ye-laser ube yinto engenziwa ngokushesha, ithebula elingezansi lihlukanisa izincazelo eziyinhloko, ukuhambisana kwezinto, nezingqinamba zezindleko zibe ireferensi eyodwa. Lolu qhathaniso luhlanganisa ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwemishini yezimboni kuneyama-hobbyist, futhi lubonisa ukuhwebelana uzohlangana nakho lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.

Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kwenza kube sobala ukuthi akukho mshini owodwa we-laser odlula bonke kwezinye izigaba. I-CO2 iyawina ngentengo ephansi kanye nokusebenza kwezinto ezingewona insimbi kodwa ihluleka kwi-metal. I-Fiber iyawina ngesivinini sokucubungula insimbi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kodwa ihlupheka ngezinto eziphilayo. I-UV iyawina ngokunemba kanye nokuzwela ekushiseni kodwa ibiza kakhulu nge-watt ngayinye futhi icubungula kancane. Uma ubhanqa lezi zimo zobuchwepheshe nokufuna umshini wokugawula nge-laser eduze kwami okwazi ukubhekana nengxube yezinto zakho ezithile, ukukhetha kuba yindaba yokufanisa amandla e-laser nomsebenzi wakho omkhulu kunokujaha isixazululo esisodwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu zisebenzisa indawo yokusebenza eyi-hybrid enezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu ze-laser, kodwa amabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi azothola inzuzo enkulu ngokukhetha uhlobo olulodwa olumboza u-80% wemisebenzi yawo futhi aqashise izicelo ezingajwayelekile.

Ukukhetha umshini olungileyo we-laser kuyisinqumo samasu esiqala ngokuhlolwa okucacile kwezinhlobo zezinto zakho, umthamo wokukhiqiza, izidingo ze-geometry yezingxenye, nemikhawulo yebhajethi. Isici sokuqala uhlobo lwezinto nokujiya kwazo. Uma ingxenye enkulu yokukhiqiza kwakho kungama-90% ezinkuni, i-acrylic, nezingubo, umshini we-laser we-CO2 onamandla aphakathi kuka-80 W no-150 W uzohlinzeka ngenani elihle kakhulu nekhwalithi esezingeni eliphezulu. Uma umsebenzi wakho ubhekene kakhulu nokumaka insimbi (amapuleti ezinombolo, amathuluzi, izinto zokuhlinza ezihlinzekwa ngemishini) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile usika insimbi encane, i-laser ye-fiber engu-30–60 W enekhanda le-galvo izohlinzeka ngesivinini esingafani nokuhlala njalo. Kulabo abaphatha izinto zobumba, izifunda ze-polyimide flex, noma ingilazi, umshini we-laser we-UV uyindlela kuphela engenzeka ekhaya, naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme ngeyunithi. Isici sesibili ngumthamo wokukhiqiza. Ukumaka insimbi ngobuningi kufuna izindleko eziphansi zokusebenzisa i-fiber; ukukhiqiza okuncane kwamamodeli wezinto ezixubile kungase kusekelwe kangcono ngohlelo lwe-CO2 olunesiphakamiso esijikelezayo. Isici sesithathu ukujwayelana kwakho nezinhlelo zokulawula—abanye abasebenzi bakhetha ukuguquguquka komthombo ovulekile wabalawuli be-laser grbl emishini ye-CO2, kanti izinhlelo ze-fiber ne-UV ngokuvamile ziza ne-software yomnikazi eyenza lula imisebenzi yokukhiqiza kodwa ikhawulela ukwenza ngokwezifiso.

Isabelo sihlala siyinto ebalulekile, futhi kubalulekile ukucabanga ngaphezu kwentengo yokuthenga. Umshini we-CO2 laser uvame ukubonakala ungabizi ekuqaleni, kodwa uma ubeka izindleko zikagesi we-chiller, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhipha umusi, nokushintshwa kwetube njalo eminyakeni emibili, izindleko zokuba nomshini isikhathi eside zeminyaka emihlanu zingafika kwezomshini we-fiber ophakathi. Ngokuphambene, i-fiber laser inentengo ephezulu yokuqala kodwa cishe ayinazo izindleko zokusebenzisa futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu, okungase kubuyisele umehluko kungakapheli izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili uma usebenza amahora amabili. Emisebenzini ekhethekile yee-elektroniki, umshini we-UV laser udinga ukuzibophezela okukhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa ikhono lokucubungula imihlangano ebucayi ngaphakathi lingaqeda ukubambezeleka okubizayo kwezinkontileka zangaphandle nezinkinga zekhwalithi. Siphinde sincoma ukuhlola indawo yakho, ingqalasizinda kagesi, nezidingo zokungenisa umoya kusenesikhathi—abathengi abaningi bahluleka ukubona izidingo zokufakwa, ikakhulukazi kumayunithi e-CO2 adinga ama-chiller angaphandle kanye ne-ducting. Kwa-Honray Optic, i-Imikhiqizoikhasi liqukethe amashidi anemininingwane yazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zelaser, futhi ithimba lethu lisiza njalo amakhasimende ukuthi enze izivivinyo zezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuthi azibophezele, liqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo olukhethiwe luhlinzeka ngekhwalithi yomngcele nomaki abalindele amakhasimende abo.

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zemishini ye-CO2, i-fiber, ne-UV laser kwenza isipiliyoni sokuthenga esididayo sibe ukufuna okuhlosiwe. Izinhlelo ze-CO2 zihlala ziyisinqumo esifinyelelekayo nesisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ezintweni ezingewona amatshe, ama-laser e-fiber aphatha ukucubungula insimbi ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokusebenza zesikhathi eside, kanti ama-laser e-UV ahlinzeka ngokunemba okudingekayo kwezingxenye ezibucayi ekushiseni nezingezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe ngalunye buletha inhlanganisela ehlukile ye-wavelength, ubukhulu bamandla, nokusebenzisana nezinto ezithinta ngqo amandla akho okukhiqiza nemali oyiholayo. Ngokuhlola ngokwethembeka ingxube yezinto ozisebenzisayo, ukubala izindleko zokuba nomnikazi sezizonke esikhundleni senani elibhalwe ebhokisini, nokuhlola izingxenye zangempela ngaphambi kokuthenga, ungagwema ukungafani okubizayo futhi wakhe umsebenzi we-laser olethela ikhwalithi engaguquki. Ezinkampanini ezisengakacaci ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele ziyithathe, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bemboni kungonga amasonto okucwaninga namadola ezinkulungwane. Sikumema ukuthi uhloleIFEKTHELE YETHUikhasi kwa-Honray Optic ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezindinganiso zethu zokukhiqiza, noma ukuxhumana nethimba lethu ngokuqondile ukuze uthole iseluleko esenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo esibheka umsebenzi wakho othize, isabelomali, nezinhlelo zokukhula. Umshini welaser ofanele akuyona nje into yokusebenzisa—uyisihambeli esihlala njalo empumelelweni yakho yokukhiqiza.