Kungani kudingeka ukucubungula okubandayo okunjalo okwakhiwe?
Kubuyekezwe ngo 10.05
Kungani kudingeka le nqubo yokucubungula epholile eyinkimbinkimbi?
1. Ngoba i-optical lens esezingeni eliphezulu inezidingo ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezibonakala kulezi zici ezilandelayo, ezikhomba isidingo sokucubungula okupholile okunembile ngezinyathelo eziningi:
1.1 Ukunemba okuphelele kwephezulu: I-radius yokugoba ye lens kumele ihambisane kakhulu nenani lokwakhiwa, nezinguquko ezivame ukufaneleka ukuthi zilawulwe ezingeni le-nanometer kuya ku-micrometer.
1.2 Ukuphakama okuphansi kakhulu kwephezulu: Iphuzu kumele libe ne-smooth kakhulu, njengoba noma yiziphi izikhala ezincane noma izimbobo zingadala ukusabalala kokukhanya, okuholela ekukhanyeni, ekubhaleni, nasekwehliseni ukugqamuka. Ukuphakama okuphelele kwephezulu kusemkhakheni we-nanoscale.
1.3 Iziqinisekiso ezinzima zokubekezelelana: Amamethrikhi afana nobukhulu besikhungo kanye ne-diameter yangaphandle kumele alawulwe ngokunembile.
1.4 Ukulimala okungaphansi: Inqubo kumele igweme ukushiya ama-micro-cracks noma ama-stress layers ngaphansi kobuso, angase abangele ukwehla kwamandla okusebenza nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
2. Core Process Flow (Classic Steps)
Modern cold processing of optical lenses mainly involves the following interconnected steps:
1. Ukusika/Ukwenza umshini
Purpose: Ukuze uqophe amabhulashi amakhulu eglasi abe izingcezu ezincane ezihambisana nesimo se-lens futhi wenze ukwakheka kokuqala.
Indlela: Amathuluzi esikhumba edayimane ukuze sika noma amawheeli okugaya edayimane ukuze uphume. Le yisigaba sokuhlunga esinokukhipha okukhulu kwezinto.
Umphumela: I-blank elungile, elingacacile "elingenalutho" elinforma efanayo.
2. Ukugaya/Ukwelashwa Ngokunembile
Inhloso: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ububanzi bendawo kanye nobukhulu besikhumba se-lens futhi kulungiselelwe ukujova. Indlela: Ama-abrasives e-diamond anembile (ama-slurries noma ama-grinding wheels), ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe abe ukujova okukhulu nokuncane.
Umphumela: Umphetho uba umncane, ubonakala njengomlotha uma ukukhanya kudlula, unobukhulu nesimo esiseduze kakhulu nezincazelo zokugcina. Le nqubo idala "ungqimba lwezok damage olungaphansi."
3. Ukukhanya
Purpose: The most critical step, aiming to remove the subsurface damage layer and achieve a smooth, transparent, flawless optical surface.
Indlela: Ukupholisha kwendabuko: Isebenzisa iphedi yokupholisha ye-pitch noma ye-polyurethane enezinhlaka zokupholisha ze-cerium oxide noma ze-silica. Lokhu kuyinqubo ye-chemo-mechanical ebandakanya ukugxila okuncane kokuphola kanye nezimpendulo zamakhemikhali (ukuhlanza) ukuze kukhiqizwe indawo ethambile kakhulu.
Computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS): I-technique ye-high-precision yesimanje esijwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuhlola nesikhombimsebenzisi somshini sokupholisha esincane silawulwa ngekhompyutha ukuze kuqondiswe ukususa impahla, kulungiswe amaphutha ebusweni ukuze kube ne-λ/10 noma ngaphezulu kwekhwalithi (λ = 632.8 nm).
4. Ukuphakathi nokuphuma
Inhloso: Ukuhlela umgqa wezibuko (isikhungo sokubona) nomgqa wezokusebenza wephuzu elingaphandle.
Indlela: I-lens ibekwe ku-spindle ethile ejikelezayo, ibekwe ngokomfanekiso, bese ihlukaniswa ngebhodi le-diamond. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuhamba phambili kokuhlanganiswa kwe-lens.
5. Ukufaka
Purpose: To apply one or more optical thin-film layers to the polished lens surface, enhancing transmittance (anti-reflection coating), reflectance (mirror coating), or achieving other optical functions (filtering, beam-splitting, etc.).
Indlela: Ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ukuhluza kwe-vacuum noma ubuchwepheshe bokukhuhla kwe-ion.